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阿里云升级独立云磁盘步骤详解

来源:网络 作者:佚名 点击: 时间:2017-06-13 21:33
[摘要]  阿里云主机使用的确ecs系统盘默认为20GB了,如果我们觉得小了需要自己来进行升级了,那么我们要如何把系统盘升级成独立云磁盘呢,具体升级过程如下。

在阿里云购买的ECS附带的系统盘的空间只有20G,慢慢地剩余空间少了起来,于是购买了一块独立云磁盘(可在同一可用区不同的ECS之间挂载)专用于存储网站数据。本文做一个迁移小记。
迁移前的情况:/data下存放网站程序及数据、日志、MySQL数据等
迁移要求:把/data下的所有文件迁移到独立云磁盘上。

迁移过程如下:

(1)关闭MySQL、Nginx、PHP-FPM服务


[root@topseek ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.                                       [  OK  ]
[root@topseek ~]# service nginx stop
Stopping nginx:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@topseek ~]# service php-fpm stop
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
(2)为尽量减少更改配置文件,更改“/data”为其他名称,以把新独立云磁盘挂载到“/data”下

[root@topseek ~]# cd /
[root@topseek /]# mv data data2
[root@topseek /]# ls
bin   data2  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  sbin     srv  tmp  var
boot  dev    home  lib64  media       opt  root  selinux  sys  usr
[root@topseek /]# mkdir data
[root@topseek /]# ls
bin   data   dev  home  lib64       media  opt   root  selinux  sys  usr
boot  data2  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    proc  sbin  srv      tmp  var

(3)对新磁盘进行分区


[root@topseek ]# fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
 
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
 
[root@topseek ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x274bb260.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
 
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
 
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-3263, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-3263, default 3263):
Using default value 3263
 
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@topseek ~]# fdisk -l
 
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
 
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x274bb260
 
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1        3263    26210016   83  Linux

(4)格式化分区并挂载至“/data”


[root@topseek ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1638400 inodes, 6552504 blocks
327625 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
 4096000
 
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
 
[root@topseek /]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
none                  /proc/xen               xenfs   defaults        0 0
/dev/xvdb1             /data              ext4   defaults 0 0
/boot/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
 
[root@topseek data2]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /data
[root@topseek data2]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G   14G  4.8G  75% /
tmpfs           498M     0  498M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1       25G   44M   24G   1% /data

(5)拷贝数据至新磁盘


[root@topseek data2]# cd /data2
[root@topseek data2]# cp -a ./* /data
[root@topseek data2]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G   14G  4.8G  75% /
tmpfs           498M     0  498M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1       25G  6.4G   17G  28% /data
[root@topseek /]# \rm -rf /data2
[root@topseek /]# df -lh
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G  7.5G   12G  41% /
tmpfs           498M     0  498M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1       25G  6.4G   17G  28% /data

(6)重启服务,迁移完成


[root@topseek data]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL..                                           [  OK  ]
[root@topseek data]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@topseek data]# service tengine start
Starting nginx:                                            [  OK  ]

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