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在阿里云购买的ECS附带的系统盘的空间只有20G，慢慢地剩余空间少了起来，于是购买了一块独立云磁盘（可在同一可用区不同的ECS之间挂载）专用于存储网站数据。本文做一个迁移小记。
迁移前的情况：/data下存放网站程序及数据、日志、MySQL数据等
迁移要求：把/data下的所有文件迁移到独立云磁盘上。
迁移过程如下：
（1）关闭MySQL、Nginx、PHP-FPM服务
[root@topseek ~]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
[root@topseek ~]# service nginx stop
Stopping nginx: [ OK ]
[root@topseek ~]# service php-fpm stop
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
（2）为尽量减少更改配置文件，更改“/data”为其他名称，以把新独立云磁盘挂载到“/data”下
[root@topseek ~]# cd /
[root@topseek /]# mv data data2
[root@topseek /]# ls
bin data2 etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
boot dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr
[root@topseek /]# mkdir data
[root@topseek /]# ls
bin data dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys usr
boot data2 etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
（3）对新磁盘进行分区
[root@topseek ]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@topseek ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x274bb260.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-3263, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-3263, default 3263):
Using default value 3263
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@topseek ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/xvdb: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x274bb260
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvdb1 1 3263 26210016 83 Linux
（4）格式化分区并挂载至“/data”
[root@topseek ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1638400 inodes, 6552504 blocks
327625 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
200 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@topseek /]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Aug 14 21:16:42 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee / ext4 defaults,barrier=0 1 1
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /proc/xen xenfs defaults 0 0
/dev/xvdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0
/boot/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
[root@topseek data2]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /data
[root@topseek data2]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 20G 14G 4.8G 75% /
tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1 25G 44M 24G 1% /data
（5）拷贝数据至新磁盘
[root@topseek data2]# cd /data2
[root@topseek data2]# cp -a ./* /data
[root@topseek data2]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 20G 14G 4.8G 75% /
tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1 25G 6.4G 17G 28% /data
[root@topseek /]# \rm -rf /data2
[root@topseek /]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 20G 7.5G 12G 41% /
tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvdb1 25G 6.4G 17G 28% /data
（6）重启服务，迁移完成
[root@topseek data]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@topseek data]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@topseek data]# service tengine start
Starting nginx: [ OK ]
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